High Quality Cow Finished Leather in Chennai India

What is Leather?

Introduction to Leather

Leather is natural fabric.  It is mainly obtained from 4 types of cattle that is

1. cow
2. buffalo
3. goat
4. sheep.

Cow and Buffalo leather is called as Hides

Goat and sheep leather is called as skins.

Natural raw leather can’t be used as it is. To make it useful raw leather has to be treated chemically, so that is can be used for various purpose as we required.

The chemical treatment is called tanning.

Converting raw leather into tanned leather, that is what we usually called as leather, it can last for years.

Types of Leather Tannings:

Leathers can be tanned in many ways such as 

• E.I Tanned leather or Vegetable Tanned
• Chrome tanning
• Alum Tanning
• Aldehyde Tanning & much more.

Though there are different types of tannings available, only two types of tanning are mainly used in the leather industry.

They are

• E.I tanning or Vegetable tanning
• Chrome Tanning

What is Tanneries Means?

As raw leathers are tanned in companies, those companies are called tanneries in other words leather processing unit.

Size of the Leather

Leather are also called as Hide Side and skins

Technically Hide, Side and Skins are mentioned, to understand size of the leather that we use or looking for.

In leather industry hide means it is the naturally full size of the cattle Cow & Buffalo

Smaller cattle like Goat and Sheep is called as Skins.

What is Tanning of Leather?

Leathers are protected becoming decomposing, that’s the purpose of tanning.

Once the leathers are tanned, it is not over.

Tanned leathers are further processed into suitable leather, based on its end use.

Example:

If you want the leather for making garments, tanned leather must be processed accordingly,

Similarly If you want the leather for making shoes, tanned leather must be processed accordingly,

As you saw above that, for garments leather must be flexible and soft like cloth.

For making shoes, it must be stiff and flexible.

Ultimately, softness, stiffness, touch and feel will vary and combine according to the requirements of the end use, it is intend for.

Stages during leather process

During leather process from raw to finished leather, it undergoes various stages

Raw leather

Salted

Soaked

Liming

De-limimg

Scudding

Pickling

Chrome tanning

Here the grade are separated depending on its quality and defects.

Splitting & Shaving is done to the required thickness for its intend purpose.

Wet Drum (for chemical treatment)

Natural Crust or Dyed Crust ( as per the color)

Finished Leather (all required chemicals applied or sprayed on the surface of crust)

Different Types of Leathers

This is very interesting and much informative for the readers, as they will come across the different types of leather that are in the leather industry.

Let us know

• Upper leather
• Lining
• Nappa
• Nubuck
• Aniline
• Semi- Aniline
• Natural Dry Mill
• Printed Dry Mill
• Crunch
• Two-tone
• Perforated
• Burnish
• Glazed
• Suede
• Cabretta
• Belting
• Gloving
• Upholstery
• Harness
• Printed
• Chamois
• Split leather

Chemicals for Leather processing

Leathers are tanned and processed, it needs more chemicals at various stages to make it as a tanned and complete finished leather.

Without these type of chemicals, it is not possible to treat the raw leathers into tanned one.

As mentioned in “stages during leather process” various chemicals required at every stages of leather processing.

Leather Processing Stages

Raw leather

Tanneries gets raw leather form slaughter house

Salted

as fresh, wet salted leather dried salted,    

Soaked

   Salted leathers are soaked into water to remove dirt and blood strains using wetting agent. This can be done in pits or in paddle.

Liming

This is one of the important initial stage of leather tanning process.

In this stage raw leather are treated with chemicals in the pit and left for few days, during those days leathers are shuffled inside the pit.

This activity makes to penetrate into the leathers and chemical reaction takes place, as a result leather get plumped so thick and becomes heavy as well.

The purpose of liming is to loosen the fibers as a results, hairs on the leather will be removed easily.

Liming is done to remove the hairs.

Once the hairs are removed, then it is treated for de-liming,

De-liming

As the name itself indicates as de-liming, it means that, lime that went into the leather in the previous stage, now those lime will be removed now.

Using chemicals lime is removed in de-liming process. Then they are scudded to remove the flesh on the back side of the hides or skins.

Move on to next stage pickling.

Pickling

Picking is the process making leather for next of chrome tanning.

In this process Salt and Sulphuric acids are used to bring to pickle stage.

Here the pH will be in much acidic condition ranging pH 2.8 to 3.0

As the word “pickle” it means can be stored longer for later use, it must be handled with care, similarly pickled leather can be stored and transported.

Chrome tanning or Wet blue tanning

Chrome tanning is also called metal tanning. Pickled goods are treated with the chemical called “chromium sulphate” generally called Chrome Powder in the tanneries. It will be green color.

Chrome tanning process is completed and confirmed through pH, it has to attain pH 3.5 in the cross section of the leather.

Leathers are plied for 3 or more days for ageing, chrome tanning is a must.

It can’t be further processed immediately.

Sometimes to re-confirm that tanning was done well enough, boil test is conducted on the chrome tanned goods.

Chromed tanned leather is also called as wet blue leather in the leather industry.

After chrome tanning leather will be in blueish green, hence it is used to call as wet blue leather as well.

Once chrome tanning is done, it can be stored for longer duration like 6 months or more than one year, suitable for transporting.

How to Maintain Chrome tanned or Wet blue leathers

At this stage chrome tanned leather by default will be in wet condition that must be maintained during storage times.

As the goods is wet and shall be wet always at this condition, that’s why it is called as “wet blue leather”

Sometimes when you kept for longer days it tend to dry on the edges and surface of the chromed tanned leather.

To overcome this issue of drying the wet blue or chrome tanned, it is usual practice to spray water on it, to maintain the wet condition of the wet blue leather.

Selection on Wet blue leather

Here the grades are separated depending on its quality and defects.

Good are separated as per the grain and its pattern and defects.

Selections are made as per the intend of the final usage and also on budget.

There is no strong guide line on selection of wet blue leather, it’s about experience, requirements and budget.

What is Chrome Split or Wet blue Split Leather?

Splitting & Shaving is done to the required thickness for its intend purpose.

Wet blue or chrome tanned leathers are so thick, it can’t be used as it is.

It need to be reduce the thickness of the wet blue leather now, in this stage.

As wet blue leathers are selected in the previous stage for its required purpose, based on it, the thickness will be reduced through a machine called “splitting machine”.

Split Leather

Leathers are splitted horizontally, then it is shaved back side on the leather for required thickness.

When leathers are splitted horizontally, leathers are divide into top layer and bottom layer of wet blue or chrome tanned leather.

The bottom layer of the leather is called split leather, as it is splitted from wet blue or chrome tanned leather.

Splitted leather is also called wet blue split leather or chrome splitted leather

Wet Drum for Leather processing

  Chrome tanned leathers after splitting and shaving, it is treated in a wet drum, nearly 300 kgs of leathers are feed into the drum for further process.

In this process chemicals and colors or dyes are added, in various stages, while processing it undergoes.

This is an important stage, here only intend the leather is processed.

Example: is this leather for Garments or Shoes or Upholstery purpose and so on. You see the in “different types of leather” mention above.

Leather Chemicals for Wet End

Wet end chemicals means it the chemicals for leather that are processed in wet conditions after splitting and shaving.

Chemicals involved in wet drum plays an important role in outcome of the required leather for the intended use.

Chemicals like: Chrome, Re-tanning, Syntan, Fatliquor, Dyes, Neutralization Agents, Leveling agents

Basic Chemicals is also required like: Sodium format, Sodium bicarbonate, Ammonium bicarbonate, Formic acid, Acetic acid

Natural Crust or Dyed Crust

Then the leathers are plie overnight, on next day each leathers are setted to squeeze the water in it, and hooked to dry. After dried.

It is called as Leather crust. It is no more in wet condition. Leather is dried. Can be stored very easily, thickness also reduced and weight of the single leather reduced drastically, can be handled easily with flexible.

Dyed or colors added it is called dyed crust, if not it is called natural crust.

Once crust is ready, few mechanical operation are done, as per the requirements for the leathers intend for.

Some types of leather will end here, it will not go to finishing.

There are types of leather, leather process is completed at this stage and send for manufacturing for products or articles.

Leather crust completes here is like Suede, Nubuck, Drum Dyed leathers for industrial gloves.

Other types of leather crust will need finishing, as mentioned in Different Types of Leathers

Finished Leather

Finishing of leather, it is the final stage in the leather process in tannery.

In simple words, it is the final look of the leather is called finished leather. In finishing applying and spraying chemicals of the surface of the leather happens.

Season is the chemical mostly used finishing of leather.

Season means, customized, combination of multiple of chemicals combined to form a single chemicals or season to spray on specific type of leather.

Involves: Pigments, Binders, Wax, Fillers, Lacquers’.

Various types of chemicals are use according to its use.

Example:

For shoes need to be polished,

That glossy effects comes from the burnished leather.

Burnished leather is meant for glossy, once it is rubbed on the surface it shines.

Machines Required for Leather Processing

Tanneries needs in fracture for the process of leather, all technical aspects are incorporated to the leather, with the help of the machinery.

Machinery required for Raw to Chrome Tanning & Chrome Tanning to finished leathers.

Raw to Chrome Tanning

• Soaking Pits
• Liming Pits or Paddle
• Wet Drums: De-liming, Pickling & Chrome Tanning
• Scud removing Machine
• Hair removing Stand

Chrome Tanning to Finished Leathers

After chrome tanning Machines required are

• Splitting
• Shaving
• Wet Drums
• Setting
• Hooking
• Molisa
• Staking
• Dry Drum
• Buffing
• Auto spray Machine
• Hand booth spray
• Plating Machine
• Measuring Machine

Why Water is important in leather processing

Quality water is important for the process, as all chemicals has to go inside, through this medium during chemical and machinery operations.

Good quality will give better results during process.

Water is required for all operation in the tannery process.

More water is required from raw to leather crust.

After that very minimal water is required for leather finishing.

Water should be of good source, contaminated water will not give the required results in the process.

pH

pH palys important roll in processing of leather in tanneries.

It is often cheeked and kept monitored often upto crust leather

Mainly pH is checked in

• Liming,
• De-liming,
• Piling
• Chrome tanning,
• Basification
• Neutralization and
• Fixing

Accessories Tools

To support in-house operation in tanneries accessories required like

• Trolley
• Leather Stand

Different kinds of Cow Finished Leathers & its Purpose

• Cow finished leather Upper : For Making Shoes
• Cow finished leather Lining : Providing supportive martial or reinforcements for footwear and Goods
• Cow finished leather Nappa: Leathers goods and Garments   htttps://tankem.com/nappa-leather
• Cow finished leather Nubuck: Footwear, Leathers goods and Garments
• Cow finished leather Aniline : High Quality Leather
• Cow finished leather Semi- Aniline: High Quality leather almost equaling to Aniline
• Cow finished leather Natural Dry Mill: Leathers goods and Garments
• Cow finished leather Printed Dry Mill: Footwear, Leathers goods
• Cow finished leather Crunch: Leathers goods
• Two-tone: Footwear, Leathers goods
• Cow finished leather Perforated: Footwear, Leathers goods
• Cow finished leather Burnish: Footwear, Leathers goods
• Glazed Footwear, Leathers goods
• Suede: Footwear, Leathers goods and Garments
• Cabretta: Footwear, Leathers goods
• Belting: for Belt
• Gloving: for gloving
• Cow finished leather Upholstery: Furniture
• Harness: Horse riding
• Cow finished leather Printed or Corrected Grain: Footwear, Leathers goods
• Chamois: for Jewellery and petrol
• Split leather: Suede, industrial gloving, Footwear : https://tankem.com/cow-split-leather

Business & Commercial

We are tanners in Chennai, have processing facility from Wet drum to Finishing. We are specialist in Cow finished leather with capacity of about 1,00,000 Sq.ft

We mostly supply cow finished leather articles as mentioned above

We can supply any kind of leathers, for your manufacturing company.

Contact us  :

Mobile: 9176452255

Email : [email protected]

www.tankem.com  

Powerful 7 Commercial Ideas To Buy Cow Split Leather – How?

htttps://tankem.com/nappa-leather

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Summary

Maximum technical aspects is incorporated into the leathers in the tannery only. This is place where leather is process to the required, requirements for the purpose, it is opt for.